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Yann Esposito (Yogsototh)
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@ -4,12 +4,12 @@
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#+author: Yann Esposito
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#+EMAIL: yann@esposito.host
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#+keywords: Haskell, programming, functional, tutorial
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#+DESCRIPTION: A very dense introduction and Haskell tutorial. Brace yourself.
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#+DESCRIPTION: A dense introduction and Haskell tutorial. Brace yourself.
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#+OPTIONS: auto-id:t toc:t
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#+STARTUP: overview
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#+begin_notes
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A very short and intense introduction to Haskell.
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A short and intense introduction to Haskell.
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This is an update of my old (2012) article.
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A lot of things have changed since then.
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@ -24,45 +24,49 @@ This is why I wrote my old article.
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This is the end of 2019 and I still strongly believe that.
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I think you should at least be able to understand enough Haskell to write a
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simple tool.
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There are a few feature in Haskell that I really miss in most programming
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There are some features in Haskell that I really miss in most programming
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languages and that would not appear to be difficult to provide.
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Typically sum types.
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A concept so simple yet so helpful.
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Since I wrote my article a few things have changed in the Haskell world.
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Since I wrote my article the Haskell ecosystem has evolved:
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1. Project building has a few working solution. When I wrote this article I
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had a few web application that I can no longer build today.
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I mean, if I really want to invest some time, I'm sure I could make
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those project build again. But this is not worth the hassle.
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Now we have =stack=, =nix=, =cabal new-build= and I'm sure some other
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1. Project building has different existing solutions.
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When I wrote this article I made some web applications that I can no
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longer build today.
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I mean, if I really want to invest some time, I'm sure I could upgrade those
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projects to build again.
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But this is not worth the hassle.
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Now we have =stack=, =nix=, =cabal new-build= and I'm sure other
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solutions.
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2. GHC is able to do a lot more magic than then.
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This is beyond the scope of an introductory material in my opinion.
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But, while the learning curve is as steep as before the highest point of
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learning just jumped higher than before with each new GHC release.
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3. Still no real consencus about how to work, learn, and use Haskell. In my
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opinion there are three different perspective on Haskell that could
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definitively change how you make decisions about different aspect of
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Haskell programming. I believe the main groups of ideolgies are
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application developers, library developers and even language (mostly
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GHC) developers. I kind of find those tensions a proof of an healthy
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environment. There are different solutions to the same problems and that
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is perfectly fine. This is quite different when you compare to other
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language ecosystems where decisions are more controlled or enforced. I
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feel fine with both approaches. But you must understand that there is
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not really any central mindset within Haskeller unlike I can find in
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some other programming language communities.
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2. GHC is able to do a lot more magic.
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This is beyond the scope of an introduction material in my opinion.
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While the learning curve is as steep as before, the highest point of
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learning just climbed higher and higher with each successive new GHC release.
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3. Still no real consencus about how to work, learn, and use Haskell.
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In my opinion there are three different perspective on Haskell that
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could definitively change how you make decisions about different aspect
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of Haskell programming.
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I believe the main groups of ideolgies are application developers, library
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developers and the main compiler (GHC) developers.
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I find those tensions a proof of a healthy environment.
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There are different solutions to the same problems and that is perfectly
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fine.
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This is different when you compare to other language ecosystems where
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decisions are more controlled or enforced.
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I feel fine with both approaches.
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But you must understand that there is no central mindset within
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Haskellers
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unlike I can find in some other programming language communities.
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4. I think that Haskell is now perceived as a lot more serious programming
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language now.
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There are a lot more big projects written in Haskell not just toy
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A lot more big projects uses Haskell.
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Haskell proved its utility to write succesful complex entreprise
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projects.
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Thus Haskell as proved that it can be considered to write succesful
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complex entreprise projects.
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While the ecosystem evolved I believe that I myself have certainly matured.
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Since 2013 I am paid to develop in Clojure.
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Most of my personal side project are written in Haskell or in an
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Since 2013 I'm paid to develop in Clojure.
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I write most of my personal side projects in Haskell or in some
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Haskell-inspired language.
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As such I can follow two functional programming communities growth and
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@ -83,7 +87,7 @@ With just a very few amount of Haskell features you will already be in
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enviromnent with a *lot* of benefits as compared to many programming
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languages.
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So enough talk, here is my old article updated with a few changes and
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So enough talk, here is my old article updated with a some changes and
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cleanups.
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I also added a section about how to create a new project template with nix.
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@ -131,11 +135,11 @@ It is because it is hard that Haskell is interesting and rewarding.
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Today, I could not really provide a conventional path to learn Haskell.
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So I think the best I can do is point you to the [[https://www.haskell.org/documentation/][haskell.org]] documentation
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website.
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And you will see that most path involve a quite long learning process.
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And you will see that most path involve a long learning process.
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By that, I mean that you should read a long book and invest a lot of hours
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and certainly days before having a good idea about what Haskell is all about.
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In contrast, this article is a very brief and dense overview of all
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In contrast, this article is a brief and dense overview of all
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major aspects of Haskell.
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I also added some information I lacked while I learned Haskell.
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@ -151,7 +155,7 @@ The article contains five parts:
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- *Dive into the impure*:
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- Deal with IO; A very minimal example
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- Deal with IO; A minimal example
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- IO trick explained; the hidden detail I lacked to understand IO
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- Monads; incredible how we can generalize
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@ -231,7 +235,7 @@ Congratulations you should be ready to start now.
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- =nix= is a generic package manager and goes beyond Haskell.
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One great good point is that it does not only manage Haskell packages but
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really a lot of other kind of packages.
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This can be quite helpful if you need to depends on a Haskell package that
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This can be helpful if you need to depends on a Haskell package that
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itself depends on a system library, for example =ncurses=.
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- I use [[http://nixos.org/nix][=nix=]] for other projects unrelated to Haskell.
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For example, I use the nix-shell bang pattern for shell script for which
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@ -368,14 +372,14 @@ Applying a function with the same parameters always returns the same value.
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/Laziness/
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Laziness by default is a very uncommon language design.
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Laziness by default is an uncommon language design.
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By default, Haskell evaluates something only when it is needed.
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In consequence, it provides a very elegant way to manipulate infinite
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In consequence, it provides an elegant way to manipulate infinite
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structures, for example.
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A last warning about how you should read Haskell code.
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For me, it is like reading scientific papers.
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Some parts are very clear, but when you see a formula, just focus and read
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Some parts are clear, but when you see a formula, just focus and read
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slower.
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Also, while learning Haskell, it /really/ doesn't matter much if you don't
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understand syntax details.
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@ -7,22 +7,104 @@
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#+OPTIONS: auto-id:t toc:t
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#+STARTUP: overview
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[[https://ethanschoonover.com/solarized/][Solarized]] is a well known and quite common colorscheme.
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I used it for many years.
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At first, you need to try it for some time.
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But after a few weeks it is very hard to change.
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The colorscheme of my website is the colorscheme I use for my terminal and
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most of my environment.
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It is very nice to use on a day to day in a terminal.
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It has a low contrast which is quite valuable to prevent migraine.
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This is inspired by both [[https://ethanschoonover.com/solarized/][Solarized]] and [[https://nordtheme.com][Nord]].
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Ethan Shoovnover its creator give plenty of information about how he
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created it.
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So I used [[https://ethanschoonover.com/solarized/][Solarized]] for many years.
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And it was really difficult finding a new one that suits my taste.
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I wanted a "grayer" or more yellow colorscheme.
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So I kept the main principle and opened a few parameters.
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Stil I disliked the blue-green dark background.
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I wanted to change that background color.
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Or having a grayer background.
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Ethan Shoovnover the creator of Solarized gave plenty of information about
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how he created it.
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Also I stumbled upon the [[https://nordtheme.com][Nord]] theme.
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And I really liked it.
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But while the colors are great, it is not as easy to switch from light to
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dark theme than with solarized because Solarized has a lot of nice
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properties.
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So I kept the main principle used to create Solarized but freed a few parameters.
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The tint of the dark and light colors for the background and the text, as
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well as the contrast of the colors.
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And I created this minimal application in Purescript:
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https://solaryzed.esy.fun
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It is still not perfect, because the real theme I use for my website as a
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slightly bigger contrast for text.
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Here is the CSS you could use:
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#+begin_export html
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<style>#colors div { display: inline-block; }</style>
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<div id="colors">
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<div style="background: hsl(218.82, 20.99%, 15.88%); height: 60.0px; width: 60.0px; line-height: 60.0px; text-align: center" id="b03">b03</div>
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<div style="background: hsl(222.35, 16.5%, 20.2%); height: 60.0px; width: 60.0px; line-height: 60.0px; text-align: center" id="b02">b02</div>
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<div style="background: hsl(222.35, 8.72%, 38.24%); height: 60.0px; width: 60.0px; line-height: 60.0px; text-align: center" id="b01">b01</div>
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<div style="background: hsl(221.25, 6.56%, 47.84%); height: 60.0px; width: 60.0px; line-height: 60.0px; text-align: center" id="b00">b00</div>
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<div style="background: hsl(220.0, 6.98%, 57.84%); height: 60.0px; width: 60.0px; line-height: 60.0px; text-align: center" id="b0">b0</div>u
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<div style="background: hsl(222.86, 8.64%, 68.24%); height: 60.0px; width: 60.0px; line-height: 60.0px; text-align: center" id="b1">b1</div>
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<div style="background: hsl(223.64, 26.83%, 91.96%); height: 60.0px; width: 60.0px; line-height: 60.0px; text-align: center" id="b2">b2</div>
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<div style="background: hsl(223.64, 84.62%, 97.45%); height: 60.0px; width: 60.0px; line-height: 60.0px; text-align: center" id="b3">b3</div>
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<div style="background: hsl(38.48, 36.22%, 49.8%); height: 60.0px; width: 60.0px; line-height: 60.0px; text-align: center" id="y">y</div>
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<div style="background: hsl(17.23, 38.52%, 47.84%); height: 60.0px; width: 60.0px; line-height: 60.0px; text-align: center" id="o">o</div>
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<div style="background: hsl(8.09, 35.74%, 51.18%); height: 60.0px; width: 60.0px; line-height: 60.0px; text-align: center" id="r">r</div>
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<div style="background: hsl(336.75, 33.06%, 52.55%); height: 60.0px; width: 60.0px; line-height: 60.0px; text-align: center" id="m">m</div>
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<div style="background: hsl(229.6, 32.75%, 55.1%); height: 60.0px; width: 60.0px; line-height: 60.0px; text-align: center" id="v">v</div>
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<div style="background: hsl(205.19, 52.19%, 50.78%); height: 60.0px; width: 60.0px; line-height: 60.0px; text-align: center" id="b">b</div>
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<div style="background: hsl(176.09, 75.0%, 36.08%); height: 60.0px; width: 60.0px; line-height: 60.0px; text-align: center" id="c">c</div>
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<div style="background: hsl(60.91, 28.7%, 45.1%); height: 60.0px; width: 60.0px; line-height: 60.0px; text-align: center" id="g">g</div>
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</div>
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#+end_export
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#+begin_src css :tangle solaryzed.css
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:root {
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color-scheme: light dark; /* support color scheme */
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--b03: #202631;
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--b02: #2b313c;
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--b01: #656b74;
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--b00: #727781;
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--b0: #989ea8;
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--b1: #b0bac7;
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--b2: #e5e8ed;
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--b3: #f4f7ff;
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--y: #a98d50;
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--o: #aa6550;
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--r: #b85a64;
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--m: #af53b0;
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--v: #846f93;
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--b: #5679a4;
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--c: #4c8493;
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--g: #728b5c;
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--bg: var(--b3);
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--fg: var(--b02);
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--fg0: var(--b0); /* lower contrast */
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--bg2: var(--b2); /* second color block background */
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--fg2: var(--b01); /* second color block foreground */
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--acc: var(--o); /* accent color */
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}
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@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
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:root {
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/* Dark */
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--bg: var(--b03);
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--fg: var(--b0);
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--fg0: var(--b00); /* lower contrast */
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--bg2: var(--b02); /* second color block background */
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--fg2: var(--b1); /* second color block foreground */
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--acc: var(--g); /* accent color */
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}
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}
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body,.main {
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background: var(--bg);
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color: var(--fg);
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}
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#+end_src
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18
src/posts/0012-solaryzed-theme/solaryzed.css
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18
src/posts/0012-solaryzed-theme/solaryzed.css
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@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
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:root {
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--b03: #202631;
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--b02: #2b303c;
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--b01: #595e6a;
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--b00: #727782;
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--b0: #8c919b;
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--b1: #a7abb5;
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--b2: #e5e8f0;
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--b3: #f3f6fe;
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--y: #ad8c51;
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--o: #a9664b;
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--r: #af6256;
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--m: #ae5e7d;
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--v: #6774b2;
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--b: #408cc3;
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--c: #17a198;
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--g: #939452;
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}
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